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• Analysis of Floods in North Korea Using Multiple Satellite Data on Precipitation (Flood Cases in August 2020) Analysis of Floods in North Korea Using Multiple Satellite Data on Precipitation (Flood Cases in August 2020) ▲ Research Fellow Kim Joo-hun, Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research / Senior Researcher Choi Yun-seok, Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research Estimation of Precipitation Using Satellite Data In the field of water resources and atmospheric science, remote sensing technology is widely recognized as a very useful tool that helps scientists observe global precipitation. Precipitation estimates obtained using satellite data target a broader spatial range than estimates obtained through ground observatories and weather radars and have the additional advantage of producing consistent and uniform precipitation information (Hong et al., 2016). Satellite precipitation estimates first became possible in April 1960 with the launch of the TIROS-1 (Television Infra-Red Observation Satellite), a cutting-edge satellite that provided scientists with meteorological images for the first time ever. In 1979, the field of meteorology took another step forward when meteorologist Phillip Arkin developed a method for estimating precipitation using infrared (IR) data. Another development came in 1987, when the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) launched a satellite equipped with an SSM/I (Special Sensor Microwave/Imager) and a multi-channel passive microwave radiometer, allowing for active research on precipitation estimates. In the 1990s, the importance of global precipitation estimates gained increased recognition, prompting the US NASA's Mission to Planet Earth Program to begin measuring precipitation from outer space. In 1997, NASA and the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) ramped up their efforts to produce satellite precipitation data and jointly launched the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) to estimate rainfall in tropical and subtropical regions (35°N–35°S). Following these series of developments, the scientific community began acquiring vast amounts of hydrological knowledge related to rainfall. Since the launch of the TRMM, satellite precipitation data has continued to be obtained through: Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA); NOAA CPC Morphing (CMORPH) at the NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center in the United States; and Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) by JAXA (Joo-hun Kim et al., 2015). The 2014 GPM Core satellite was designed to replace the TRMM satellite. The GMP Core satellite produces IMERG satellite precipitation data with a higher spatio-temporal resolution than previous satellites, boasting a temporal resolution of 30 minutes and a spatial resolution of 0.1 deg. for the spatial range of 60N–60S. Satellite precipitation data, such as that produced by the GPM Core satellite, promotes the scientific knowledge of global precipitation and accelerates the development of global eco-hydrological models. The data obtained from satellites is utilized for hydrological research in various ways and is used to analyze regional precipitation and/or flooding patterns (Hong et al., 2019). There are many regions worldwide—such as regions in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa—where hydrological measurements have not yet been fully obtained and precipitation evaluation studies are actively being conducted using satellite precipitation data. Satellite precipitation data, such as IMERG and GSMaP, calculate precipitation estimates for most of the Earth' surface by combining information from the GPM satellite group pictured in Figure 1. This data is compiled to produce precipitation data on a global scale, as seen in Figure 2. NASA satellites produce IMERG date with 30-minute temporal resolution and 0.1deg. of spatial resolution, and JAXA satellites generate GSMaP satellite precipitation data with a 1-hour temporal resolution and 0.1 deg. of spatial resolution. Analysis of Floods in North Korea Using Precipitation Data From Multiple Satellites Hydrometeorological data for North Korea is produced at 6-hour intervals by compiling data from 27 observation stations in North Korea, reports from North Korean media, and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). However, when researchers analyzed the precipitation data from the 27 North Korean observatories, from 03:00 on July 28, 2020 to 09:00 on August 7, 2020 through the Meteorological Data Open Portal site of the Korea Meteorological Administration, they found that the data from the aforementioned time period was 42.8% incomplete. These results led them to conclude that obtaining precipitation data from North Korea was disadvantageous because it is difficult to secure a full dataset for a specific time period, and the reliability of the data cannot be verified. On June 6, 2020, a North Korean defector made an appearance on the MBC Program “Unification Observatory” and commented that “weather forecasters [in North Korea] deceive even the North Korean Supreme Leader.” A spokesperson from the Korea Meteorological Administration responded, saying, “In weather forecasting, loyalty alone isn't enough to deliver correct information.” Currently, North Korea's weather prediction and observation technologies are evaluated as being at the same level as South Korea's in the 1990s. In order to overcome some of these gaps in data availability and accuracy, researchers analyzed the rainfall in North Korea using satellite data on the damage caused by heavy rains in North Korea in August 2020. They also used satellite precipitation data and the rainfall-runoff model to estimate the approximate amount of flooding and to determine other characteristics of rainfall and flooding in North Korea. In order to analyze the accuracy of the precipitation data obtained via satellite, researchers compared the satellite data with the total precipitation data obtained from three observation stations—Cheongyang-ri, Odeok Elementary School, and Sang-ri Elementary School—and GSMaP satellite precipitation data for the Han River system in Yeoncheon-gun, which is adjacent to North Korea. The correlation coefficient was determined to be about 0.996, meaning that the satellite precipitation data showed a high level of accuracy when compared to the data obtained through other means. Since the satellite data slightly underestimated the amount of precipitation, compared to measurements obtained on the ground, researchers calculated the precipitation distribution for North Korea by applying a correction factor of 1.69 to the satellite data, as shown in Figure 4. The GRM model employed by the KICT (Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) was used as an analysis tool for flood volume evaluation. Since the flow of floodwaters in North Korea cannot be actually observed by South Korean scientists, it was difficult for researchers to verify the results of their floodwater simulations. Therefore, the default parameters of the GRM model were applied to the floodwater/runoff simulation without any separate application of other corrective measures. Given these limitations, the researchers of the floodwater simulation study presented their results on simulated flow as “estimates,” as opposed to actual values. Furthermore, when conducting the runoff/floodwater simulation, the impact of dams and watersheds were not considered, and it was assumed that all flows were natural runoffs. The simulation area (Figure 4) included the entire region of North Korea, as well as some parts of China and Russia, which belong to the Amnok River and Duman River basins. Some areas of South Korea were also included in the simulation area as part of the Imjin River and the Bukhan River basins. In terms of the precipitation data utilized for the runoff simulation, calibrated satellite precipitation was applied for the period of 00:00 on August 1, 2020, to 00:00 on August 16, 2020 at a time interval of 1 hour. Figure 5 is a hydrograph comparing the simulated flow using the aforementioned calibrated satellite precipitation data and the observed flow at Hantan Bridge. The watershed area of Hantan Bridge is about 1,014 km2, and about 50% of the watershed is located in North Korea. There is also an additional reservoir with a watershed area of about 50 km2 in the upstream North Korean region. In Figure 5, the simulated flow at Hantan Bridge reflects the observed upward and downward trends of the hydrograph. However, the peak flooding that occurred around 15:00 on August 5 was estimated by the simulation to be higher (6,048㎥/s) than the flooding actually observed (4,785㎥/s). The differences between the simulation results and onsite observations were attributed to a variety of factors, namely, the fact that: the runoff model was not calibrated; the default model values were applied; and the impact of the many dams distributed throughout North Korea and watershed changes were not considered. The accuracy of the simulation flood estimates for North Korea could be improved if these issues were rectified. Despite these limitations, satellite precipitation data can be used as a substitute for ground observation data in areas where there is no ground observation data available, or in areas with a limited spatial and temporal range for ground observation. Satellite precipitation data also has the advantage of providing unified information on spatial expansion. In the future, the results from this study can be used to conduct further research on and improve the accuracy of precipitation data for the entire Korean Peninsula. Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research Date2021-09-28 Hit 422
• Accurately and Timely Flash Flood Forecasting Accurately and Timely Flash Flood Forecasting Seok Hwan Hwang (Research Fellow, Flash Flood Research Center) Overview Korea and the rest of East Asia have suffered massive damage this year after experiencing the longest rainy season on record as well as repeated torrential downpours. These challenging experiences have highlighted the importance of being able to accurately predict sudden flash floods. The Flash Flood Research Center at the KICT is currently developing a system for predicting localized flash floods and providing early warning notifications for urban inundation. Once implemented, the system will be able to quickly and accurately identify flash floods at least one hour before they actually occur, giving residents a chance to evacuate or take other precautions. The system is expected to help drastically reduce the loss of life and property due to water damage during the summer. Flood Forecasting in Populated Areas Numerous water-related disasters have occurred in Korea in the summer of 2020. Rivers flowing through the city overflowed, landslides buried human dwellings in mud and soil, and apartment complexes were inundated with flood water. This type of water damage happens every year, resulting in the loss of both lives and property. These accidents occur suddenly, without warning, making them even more damaging. Dr. Seok Hwan Hwang(Ph.D.), who is the head of the Flash Flood Research Center, has met with numerous public servants working for related authorities, and they have unanimously stated that even less than an hour’s warning would be hugely effective in preventing the loss of human life. “Public servants working with related authorities have consistently called for threat prediction information for disaster response operations. Predicting threats may be difficult, but it is also essential. At this point in time, flood forecasts are provided only for the country’s major rivers, but flood damage reaches far beyond these major rivers. That is why there is a need for flash flood warnings to cover the entire country. How safe Koreans feel should not be dependent on where they live.” ▲ [{hoto 1] Head of the Flash Flood Research Center, Dr. Seok Hwan Hwang(Ph.D.) The Flash Flood Research Center at the KICT is currently developing a system to predict localized flash floods and provide early warnings for urban inundation. Effective forecasting of localized flash flooding across vast areas involves the use of rainfall data gathered remotely using radar technology. Accurate flash flood forecasting is only possible using highly accurate rainfall measurements obtained remotely by radar. The Flash Flood Research Center is currently developing technology to enhance the accuracy of such technologies. “The Flash Flood Forecasting System uses meteorological radar data to predict rainfall. However, the accuracy ofradar-based predictions decreases significantly when making forecasts more than hour into the future. In order to overcome these limitations, we are developing a technology that combines short-term radar prediction data with numerical weather prediction data so that we can ensure accurate rainfall predictions up to three hours in advance.” The localized flash flooding prediction system under development is currently undergoing field testing at the Ministry of Environment’s Flood Control Office with the aim of putting the system into field operations by 2021. Dr. Hwang introduces the localized flash flooding prediction system as a technology that brings flood forecasting into people’s“everyday living sphere.” Once implemented, the technology will be able to provide a one-hour warning for flash floods anywhere in the country. “Another characteristic of the system is that it analyzes open information on the web and social media to self-diagnose flood threat prediction errors. This will allow the accuracy of the system’s flood predictions to increase as the system matures. We are also developing techniques to track torrential rainfall to predict the spread and proliferation of flood risk. We are also working to develop techniques to calculate, early on, based on cloud formations, whether there is a possibility that the resulting rainfall will develop into torrential downpours that are likely to cause flash flooding.” Dual-polarization Technology for Enhanced Accuracy Flash floods are caused by convective precipitation, which develops vertically, or by precipitation fronts, which develop in one area and then move to another. The flooding that happened in Busan and Daejeon this summer developed in this same way. This past summer, many people wondered why flooding happened in the heart of the city, away from the rivers. Dr. Hwang explains that flood characteristics, damage, and risk levels vary substantially depending on the topology. “In low-lying urban areas, such as the Gangnam district of Seoul, the amount of water that gathers in one place and the speed at which it flows will be completely different than in a village on Mt. Jirisan. That is why current special weather reports based on precipitation data often fail to predict the flash flood conditions that people actually experience in real life. This type of data is insufficient in providing early warning for sudden flash floods.” Localized flash flood forecasting isa process that is divided into three steps: 1) First, rainfall is observed using meteorological radars, and rainfall predictions are made up to three hours in advance using observed data; 2) Second, any flood (inundation) risk is calculated using predicted rainfall and the hydrologic characteristics of each region, including topography; 3) Third, the predicted rainfall and flood (inundation) risk data is used to assess flash flood risk levels and provide flash flood warnings in realtime. The system under development by the Flash Flood Research Center uses existing flood damage data and detailed regional flood characteristics to extract factors that determine flood depth and degree of flood damage in various regions under varied conditions. The formula derived using this process is used to predict flash flooding risk for areas with no prior flooding data. A dual-polarized radar system is employed to boost the accuracy of the observation data. “Dual polarization is a method of emitting radar beams to observe airborne precipitation particles. In the past, a single-polarized beam that oscillates only in a horizontal direction was emitted to observe precipitation. Even though single-polarized radar is able to measure the intensity of precipitation based on the strength of the reflected radar signals, this technology is unable to distinguish between different types of precipitation, such as rain, snow, or sleet. However, a dual-polarized radar simultaneously emits horizontally and vertically oscillating beams, which allows for the accurate determination of the type of precipitation, including rainfall.” Dr. Hwang also points out that flood risk is manifested through a dynamic process of precipitation, flooding, surging, and landslides. This process was also seen in the flood damage caused by extended periods of torrential rainfall this past summer. Dr. Hwang also notes that the special rainfall alerts, flooding risk alerts, river overflow warnings, and landslide risk forecasts that are currently provided to the public are given individually, and fail to take into consideration all the factors of a given region. With such poor warning systems, people who live in areas with underdeveloped disaster response infrastructure cannot be expected to effectively cope with flood-related disasters. Dr. Hwang also stresses that the state needs to provide general flood risk forecast data to local governments and municipalities, so that they can also engage in disaster prevention and response efforts for small river overflows and landslide risks in upstream areas as well as for flood risks in downstream urban areas. “Local governments need to be able to utilize this information and provide feedback on its effectiveness, as well as to give suggestions for improvement. An organically-linked system allows for the continual enhancement of prediction accuracy. By implementing an accurate prediction system, we will be able to prevent overlapping government investments in disaster prevention systems, and ensure that all Koreans are guaranteed the same standards of safety, regardless of their economic standing.” ▲ [Photo 2] Datafrom meteorological radars used to predict precipitation Efforts Toward a Stronger Forecasting System The Flash Flood Research Center is working on developing original flash flood forecasting technologies, based on quaternary convergence technologies, and implementing a national flash flood forecasting hub under the motto “Confidence in Technology Toward a Better Life.” Once implemented, the flash flood forecasting system currently under development will be capable of generating applied forecasting data that considers regional and user characteristics. This will enable optimized flood forecasting tailored to each user type (i.e. industrial or agricultural). It will also allow the central and local governments to provide accurate and detailed flash flood forecasts one to three hours in advance at the local level. These advancements are expected to greatly improve the general safety of the Korean public in the face of flood risks. “We assessed the system using urban flooding cases from 2020 and found that the system was capable of accurately predicting flood risks in numerous cases. However, our assessments also helped us identify a number of areas for improvement. After we address these areas, the system will be able to more accurately and reliably predict flash flood risks. Differences in urban and mountain village environments mean that calculated risk levels may be manifested entirely differently in real life depending on the area. Differences between areas are caused by artificial structures and varying degrees of urbanization. The flash flood forecasting system we are currently developing will be even more accurate next year as we make further improvements to address area differences.” ▲ [Photo 3] Radar meteorology station onSeodaesan Mountain Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research Date2020-07-30 Hit 481
• Development of next-generation seawater desalination technology to address water shortages ㅇ Overview - Use of next-generation hollow fiber membrane distillation technology in seawater desalination to overcome the limitations of conventional desalination technologies, for the implementation of the world’s first and largest pilot plant for the testing of next-generation desalination technology ㅇ Research contents - Design and implementation of the membrane distillation (MD) process using hollow fiber modules; design of a hybrid desalination process using the membrane distillation method; development of technologies to reduce water concentrates from seawater desalination using membrane distillation; development of low-energy forward osmosis seawater desalination techniques World’s first and largest membrane distillation pilot plant (400 ㎥/day) ㅇ Research Achievement - Development of the world’s first and highest-capacity (400 ㎥) membrane distillation technology through the use of an exclusive hollow fiber-type membrane distillation module - Development of next-generation seawater desalination process technology with a 1,000 ㎥/day capacity by combining reverse osmosis and membrane desalination - Development of a low-energy seawater desalination technology using forward osmosis - Quantitative achievements: 36 press releases, 10 papers (3 domestic, 7 SCI(E)), 2 patents, and 16 academic presentations 1,000 ㎥/day next-generation seawater desalination pilot plant ㅇ Expected effects - Reduction in the large volume of water concentrates resulting from the desalination of seawater and a 30% increase in freshwater production - Reduced volume of water concentrates for compliance with environmental regulations and the increased protection of maritime ecosystems - Increased seawater desalination cost savings by securing low-energy seawater desalination technology - Improved technological competitiveness and development of new markets through the early securing of next-generation seawater desalination technologies Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research Date2019-01-16 Hit 618
• [2015] Jeju Island Specific Integrated Surface Water – Groundwater Hydrological Analysis Technique Project Leader: Kim Nam-won (Senior Research Fellow, nwkim@kict.re.kr) The research developed the Jeju Island specific hydrologic analysis technique which integrates the runoff from rainfall, evapotranspiration, land use, infiltration characteristics of soil, baseflow, and groundwater flow needed for comprehensive water circulation analysis for Jeju Island. The technology enables accurate hydrologic component analysis and improves the capability to manage the groundwater resource utilizing the groundwater recharge rate analysis and evaluation. The integrated Jeju Island water resource information system enabled the development of integrated irrigation and flood control technology and building of a rational water resource preservation system through stream flow characteristics and surface watergroundwater linked analysis as well as Jeju Island specific hydrologic component analysis. ▲Hydrologic characteristics and hydrologic component analysis on Jeju Island Research Background and Necessity As Jeju Island is an area with heavy precipitation, it has different hydrologic characteristics such as river properties of steep slopes and short flow paths and hydrogeological properties of high permeability that are different from inland areas. Most rivers on Jeju Island are dry rivers in which water flows only when there is a specific level or more of rainfall. Because of such river characteristics of Jeju Island, it is difficult to calculate hydrologic analysis with the conventionally used basin hydrologic analysis method. To build the foundation for efficient water resource management on Jeju Island, it is more rational to integrate surface water and groundwater for analysis instead of the separated approach of securing water resource and taking the approach of flood control measures of river flow rate. Moreover, the runoff characteristics on Jeju Island can be accurately analyzed only when it is interfaced with the change of groundwater. Therefore, there is the need to accurately present the correlation of runoff characteristics and evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge rate, and ground water discharge. ▲Schematic diagram of developed technology ▲Restoration of ungauged rainfall data in areas including Hallasan Mountain Research Contents The objective of this research was to build the foundation for water resource management on Jeju Island by methodically analyzing the water circulation system through the development and application of surface water-groundwater integrated hydrologic analysis on Jeju Island. The main contents of this research are described as follows : • Quantification of hydrologic components (rainfall, evapotranspiration, runoff, snowmelt, etc.) • Development of an integrated surface water-groundwater analysis model for Jeju Island • Development and application of Jeju Island specific ground recharge rate analysis method • Practical application of Jeju Island specific integrated hydrologic analysis technology ▲Improvement of runoff structure in Jeju basin Research Results This research developed the Jeju Island-specific integrated hydrologic component analysis model to analyze surface water and groundwater behaviors simultaneously, accurately analyze unique hydrologic characteristics of Jeju Island and develop the optimal groundwater recharge rate analysis method for Jeju Island. The following outcomes were generated by the research : • A technique to restore rainfall data for the period of ungaugedra infall • An efficient calculation method of actual evapotranspiration • Method of calculating groundwater recharge rate reflecting the hydrologic characteristics on Jeju Island • Method of analyzing snowmelt characteristics in Hallasan Mountain • Determination and localization of recharge delay time for each altitude in the Jeju region • E stimation of specific yield and permeability using water levelfl uctuation model • Change and evaluation of groundwater level according to the groundwater development ■ Quantitative result • 2 research papers published in SCI journals and 20 research papers published in KCI journals • 5 software registrations • 1 policy proposal to Jeju Water Resources Department • 6 cases studies in real watersheds ▲Calculation of total hydrologic quantity using the estimation of ungauged rainfall data ▲Result of application of surface water-groundwater integrated hydrologic model Utilization and Impact This study developed the integrated irrigation and flood control technology and built a rational water resource preservation system to efficiently use water resources and prevent flooding on Jeju Island. The recharge rate used for evaluation when developing groundwater on Jeju Island presented only the annual average recharge rate without considering local and geological characteristics. However, the daily distributed recharge data of this research can be utilized in various policy studies such as setting the reference water level and warning/alarm of groundwater level in the Jeju region. Moreover, the cost of survey and analysis for estimating possible sustainable development of groundwater and establishing long-term management plan of water resources on Jeju Island is expected to reduce, since the water budget analysis and spatial recharge rate can both be utilized. ▲Investigation of space-time distribution of groundwater recharge rate on Jeju Island Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research Date2016-07-26 Hit 1320
• Development of Korean Hanji filter ㅇ Overview - Development of high added value new material for removing environmental pollutants by combining state-of-the-art science and technology with traditional Hanji cellulose fiber - Addressing the social problem of major pollutants such as fine particulate matter and VOCs, and developing environmental material production technologies, thereby gaining a competitive edge over advanced economies ㅇ Research Contents ￮ Development of Hanji filter and activated charcoal-infused Hanji filter - Developed technology: Cellulose fiber is dispersed in a solvent by adding non-polar material such as tertiary butyl alcohol to prevent the wind-up phenomenon. Free-drying is used to evaporate the solvent to prepare a porous (porosity: 90%) Hanji filter with layered cellulose fibers. A cation bonding agent is used to evenly and electrostatically bind powdered activated charcoal to the cellulose Hanji fiber, resulting in an activated charcoal-infused Hanji filter from which the powdered activated charcoal does not come loose and which is able to simultaneously remove fine particulate matter and VOCs. ￮ Synthesis of porous aluminosilicate zeolite containing a regenerable iron component - Developed technology: Ammonium iron citrate is chemically bound to an aluminosilicate frame to synthesize porous zeolite containing an iron component that is able to absorb and remove VOCs. VOCs adsorbed by zeolite are radiated with UV light, causing electrons to be released from the iron component within the porous material. This, in turn, causes oxidation (photo-fenton oxidation) of the VOCs. Absorption and oxidation (regeneration) can be carried out on-site, allowing infinite reuse. Porous Hanji Filter ㅇ Research Achievements ￮ Technological value - The commercialized fine particulate matter removal technologies currently used worldwide involve electrical dust collection devices that are primarily for industrial use only. Dust filters produced by companies such as Samsung and LG for the removal of fine particulate matter in household environments use discontinuous fiber spinning (melting blown, electro spinning, etc.) technology. This technology is used to coat a non-woven fabric with synthetic fibers; the non-woven fabric is then folded into a metal enclosure through which air can freely pass. A widely used adsorbent for the removal of VOCs is activated charcoal; however, the greatest problem associated with activated charcoal is the high cost of facilities used for regeneration. The technologies currently used cause environmental pollution, and production has been migrated to developing economies such as China and India. - A “porous Hanji filter” and “activated charcoal-infused porous Hanji filter” have been developed as part of this study. This technology, which is unique to Korea, involves the simultaneous removal of fine particulate matter and VOCs using a single flat sheet/filter. “Photo-fenton oxidation” technology using iron-containing zeolite and UV irradiation is a new concept in VOC removal and allows for absorption and filter absorbent regeneration. This newly developed technology is designed to replace many of the preexisting technologies developed by advanced economies. - The fine particulate matter (1 um – 10 um) removal efficiency of a single “activated charcoal-infused porous filter” is 99% at 1m/sec flux. Up to 99% BTEX removal is also possible. The “iron-containing zeolite + UV irradiation” technology is able to readily remove pollutants and is easy to regenerate, allowing for semi-permanent use. iron-containing zeolite + UV irradiation ￮ Scientific value - Approximately 16 articles have been published in SCI(E) journals on the Hanji filter and its iron-containing zeolite technology, which serves as further proof of the scientific value of the technology. In particular, an article relating to iron-containing zeolite and UV irradiation was published in J. of Hazardous Materials (I/F:6.5). ￮ Social value - In recent times, fine particulate matter, volatile carcinogens, and new house & building syndrome have been keywords in some of the social issues in Korea. - To remove fine particulate matter and VOCs using current technologies, a dual filter combining a non-woven fabric filter and an activated charcoal filter is necessary. However, using the activated charcoal-infused Hanji filter, both fine particulate matter and VOCs can be removed using a single filter. The iron-containing zeolite can be regenerated and reused. - The technology developed through this study is significant in that it uses unique Korean traditional technology to provide a solution to problems experienced by our society, allowing it to replace technologies currently being used by other advanced countries. ￮ Economic value (10) - The price of indoor dust filters, including non-woven fabric filters and activated charcoal filters, is approximately KRW 200,000 per set, but the price of a Hanji filter is KRW 10,000/filter, approximately 1/10 of conventional filters. Also, whereas activated charcoal filters require housings, no particular housing is required when using iron-containing zeolite. ㅇ Expected Effects ￮ Technological value - Development of Korean Hanji filter able to simultaneously remove fine particulate matter and VOCs - Development of iron-containing absorbents capable of regeneration, replacing technologies used by advanced economies ￮ Social benefits - Indoors: Can be used in the manufacture of air conditioner and air purifier filters (for simultaneous removal of fine particulate matter and VOCs) - Outdoors: Filters for HVAC system air intakes for public facilities such as schools and department stores Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research Date2019-11-26 Hit 898
• [2014] Web Mobile Flood Forecasting Warning System Utilizing X-Band Mini Radar Project Leader : Lee Dong-ryul (Senior Research Fellow, dryi@kict.re.kr) The ‘Web Mobile Flood Forecasting Warning System Utilizing X-band Mini Radar’ observes real-time local heavy rainfall with high spatial and temporal resolution from radar variables and utilizes information to predict flash floods. Several advanced countries currently use technology as central part of their flood forecasting system. Highresolution systems observe and predict rainfall within the radius of mini X-band Mini Radar and feeds data to Internet and mobile systems. Real-time flood alerts efficiently prepare residents and emergency staff in the affected region for localized heavy rain. The integration of Internet and mobile systems will reduce casualties and property damage. Research Results This study focused on the development of disaster prevention technology to develop flood response element technology that utilizes X-band Mini Radar. We are developing QPE and QPF and finalizing a technical paper and patent application on rainfall estimation that utilizes X-band Mini Radar. The research results are as follows. • Installation of X-band hydrological radar (9.6GHz, radio station) • KCIT development of a unique rainfall estimation technique • Improved high-resolution flood analysis technology and pilot application • 13 SCI / SCIE research papers and 17 Korean registered research papers (2013-2014) • 3 Korean patents (2013-2014) • Establishment of the Hydrological Radar Disaster Research and Data Center under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport • Opened regular workshops to network with national radar research institutes • Establishing an X-band Mini Radar network in conjunction with the National Weather Service, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and Water Resources Corporation Utilization and Impact This technology will achieve the social responsibility of a government-funded research institute by providing national disaster prevention and accurate forecasts of urban floods through radar research and operation that provides accurate flood warnings to reduce damage. It can be utilized as a standard system of flood forecasting by radar observation networks currently operated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport. The research results will support ODA projects for 14 member nations (such as Philippines, Vietnam and Laos) of UN ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. ▲KICT radar and observation results ▲3D rainfall alert based on Google Earth ▲Mobile app development for location-based meteorological disaster warning Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research Date2015-04-30 Hit 1794
• [2014] Groundwater Investigation Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Korea (SWAT-K) Project Leader : Chung Il-moon (Research Fellow, imchung@kict.re.kr) ‘The Basic Investigation of Groundwater Project’ is a national project under the auspices of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport. It is a regional data formation project conducted over 2 years. A groundwater investigation on the status of exploitable groundwater sites is conducted based on preservation, development, and utilization potential. A detailed hydrogeological investigation was done through a field survey and comprehensive analysis. KICT catalogued 14,690 in-use groundwater facilities with a combined capacity of 25,380×10³ ㎥ and calculated the groundwater recharge ratio to be 20.3% and exploitable groundwater amount at 102,421×10³ ㎥ based on the results of ‘The Basic Investigation of Groundwater in Jangseong Area’ from MAR 2013 to DEC 2014. KICT concluded that Jangseong can support commercial development, but requires groundwater preservation in densely populated areas where groundwater use exceeds the exploitable groundwater amount. The findings have direct practical use and were discussed at a public seminar for Jangseong County residents in APR 2015. Research Results This study identifies groundwater usage goals, characteristics of groundwater bearing, and exploitable groundwater of Jangseong County. Research results were achieved by a comprehensive analysis of 2 years of collected field research results. • Increased technical quality of basic investigation project by utilizing SWAT-K, which was selected as World Best Technology (WBT) by KICT to estimate groundwater recharge capacity. • Drilled well at the bedrock: transfer of control to the K-Water for utilization as the National Groundwater Monitoring Center • Provides total data acquired in the field (such as observed groundwater and surface water data, drilling and physical exploration, water quality analysis, and aquifer tests) to the public Utilization and Impact The Basic Investigation of Groundwater Project (by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) analyzes the current status of current groundwater use, characteristics of groundwater bearing, and exploitable groundwater amount for 167 cities and counties in Korea. KICT suggests specialized technology to provide sustainable groundwater management plan by identifying the status of exploitable groundwater. The research results of the Basic Investigation of Groundwater Project have a significant potential for public application. Long-term observed groundwater data are collected through this study and provided for expert as well as public use through the transfer of research control to Jangseong County and National Groundwater Information Center (www.gims.go.kr). At least USD 1 million in research and personnel costs savings for Jangseong County are expected from the groundwater development and utilization of investigation results. ▲Establishment of baseline data through surface water and groundwater observation ▲Hydrogeological analytic investigation through water quality analysis and groundwater aquifer tests ▲Presentation of research results for the Jangseong region and related institutes Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research Date2015-04-01 Hit 1650

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